Source — Euclid's Elements, encoded as an rrxiv paper

% fig-iii-36.tex — III.36: power of a point (secant and tangent).
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.1, line cap=round]
  \coordinate (O) at (0, 0);
  \def\r{1.8}
  \draw[thin] (O) circle (\r);
  % External point P.
  \coordinate (P) at (4.0, 0);
  % Secant through P meeting circle at A (near) and B (far).
  \coordinate (A) at ({\r*cos(120)}, {\r*sin(120)});
  \coordinate (B) at ({\r*cos(45)},  {\r*sin(45)});
  % Line through A and B extended to P (P is constructed beyond B).
  % Pick A and B on the circle, then place P on line AB extended.
  % For visual clarity, just draw P--A--B.
  \draw[very thick] (P) -- ($(B)!1.6!(A)$);
  % Tangent from P touching circle at T.
  % T is found by: OT perpendicular to PT, and |OT|=r, |OP|=PO.
  % Compute T: angle OPT = arcsin(r/OP).
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\OPdist}{4.0}
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\angA}{asin(\r/\OPdist)}
  \coordinate (T) at ({(\OPdist*cos(\angA))*cos(180 - \angA)}, {(\OPdist*cos(\angA))*sin(180 - \angA)});
  \draw[very thick] (P) -- (T);
  \draw[thin, dashed] (O) -- (T);
  % Right angle marker at T (small square).
  % Labels.
  \node[right] at (P) {$P$};
  \node[above left]  at (A) {$A$};
  \node[above right] at (B) {$B$};
  \node[above] at (T) {$T$};
  \node[below] at (O) {$O$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Proposition III.36. From an external point $P$, the tangent
$PT$ and any secant $PAB$ satisfy $PT^2 = PA \cdot PB$ (the power of
$P$ with respect to the circle).}
\label{fig:III.36}
\end{figure}